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Money

20. dubna 2011 v 18:31 | Cait Sidhe |  Anglická konverzace
Poslední zvonění je za mnou a promluvy do duše od paní profesorky, pracovně nazývané "Ta bez obočí" a která je náhodou velice milá, příjemná a hilfsbereit, vykonaly své. Mam den rozsekaný na jednotlivé učící úseky a plánované přestávky. Nyní, po druhém bloku - angličtině - sklízím první ovoce. A hned vám ho všem ukážu :)


Money

Money is a general means for exchange usually issued by a goverment used for buying and selling.
Money is anything that serves as a commonly accepted medium for payment.
Money is something that can be used to buy all kinds of goods ans services. It has three main fuctions:
  1. it acts as a medium of exchange, you can trade it for any desired good or service
  2. the price of any good can or service can be expressed in it - they serves as a unit of value
  3. it is also a store of value for an unlimited period of time. You can keep money as long as you wish and it doesn't go bad such as chicken or rice :)
Money are used in two forms:
  1. notes/bills = money printed on paper
  2. coins = money made of different metals(copper, aluminium, gold or silver)
In history people have used a different items as money, such as feathers, salt, fish, hooks, pigs, olive oil, wine and beer, shells, copper, iron, rings, diamonds and cigarettes. Although, in order to put something in the role of money, it should fulfill four conditions:
  1. be durable. It should be able to stand intensive use. Paper bills and metal coins can last a pretty long time.
  2. be portable. It should be easy to carry around from place to place.(Pigs were not easy to move around xD)
  3. be divisible. It must be possible to be divided into smaller units.(It is not easy to pay with a half of a pig. What would you do with the other one?)
  4. be stable. Its supply must be controllable so that its value does not change over time. For this reason paper money are printed in very fine detail, because if anyone could just write a dollar amount on a sheet of paper and call it money, then the amount of it in the economy would increase and it would lose it value.
There are three types of money distinguished by how it obtains its value:
  1. commodity money is valuable itself like golg coins or diamonds
  2. fiat money has its value guaranteed by a goverment. All paper money as well as coins - called a currency used in a state is a form of fiat money. These are only a piece of paper and has therefore no value itself.
  3. representative money only represents something else of value. There are two forms of representative money - Personal and Traveler's checks. Personal checks represent the money that a person has in a bank, so it you pay something by a check the person who received this check can go to a bank and exchange it fo cash. Traveler's checks represent that money which a person has paid to a big bank or a large company. Both types are safer to carry around than money.

Slovní zásoba:
Nowadays almost every country has its own money, which we call a local currency. Every day the rates of exchange are published. The most common currencies are the American Dollar, the Euro and the British Pound.
A company may sell shares to members of the public, who are then said to have invested in that company. They should be paid a regular dividend on their investment, depending on the profit or loss made by the company.
The goverment collects money from citizens through taxes.
  • income tax is the tax collected on wages and salaries
  • inheritance tax is collected on what people inherit from others
  • customs or excice duties have to paid on good imported from other countries
  • VAT = value added tax is a tax paid on good and services when they are bought
  • corporation tax is paid by companies on their profits
If you pax too much tax, you should be given some money back = a tax rebate.
The goverment also sometimes pays out money to people in need
  • unemployment benefits
  • disability allowances
  • student grants
Recipients draw a pension.
You can have a account in a back. You should try to avoid having an overdraft or you end up paying a lot of interest. Of your account is overdrawn, you can be said to be in the red(opposite: be in the black or in credit).
  • a current account
You pay in your salary and then withdraw money to pay your every day bills. The bank sends you a regular statement telling you how much money is on your account.
  • a savings account

You deposit there any extra money and take money out when you want to spend it on something special.
The bank can lend you a money, what it called a bank loan. If the bank lend you money to built a house, that loan is called a mortgage.
In a shop you can pay cash, by check, by credit card. You can be offered a discount or a reduction on something you buy at a shop, which means you get some money off. That happens usually when you buy in bulk.
If you want to return something you may be given a refund or your money will be returned, provided you have a receipt.
The money you pay for serviced is called fee.
The money paid for a journey is fare.
If you buy something that you fel was very good value, it's called a bargain.
When it is not worth what you paid for something, you call it a rip-off.
 

Buď první, kdo ohodnotí tento článek.

Komentáře

1 Aife Aife | 20. dubna 2011 v 19:40 | Reagovat

Asi k tobě začnu chodit častějc, Cait... Money jsem u sebe nemohla najít:D
(Koutý jeden zatracenej...)

2 Cait Sidhe Cait Sidhe | 21. dubna 2011 v 16:29 | Reagovat

Já mam doma spoustu okopírovaných papírů a teď je postupně vysosávám :D

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